| Required Load |
Continuous running load and the maximum expected load in kilowatts (kW). |
List every connected load and identify which loads may operate at the same time. |
The generator must supply the actual demand without excessive overload, overheating, or unstable voltage. |
Load schedule, equipment nameplates, utility bills, and measured power data. |
| Standby or Prime Duty |
Whether the set is used only during utility outages or as a regular power source. |
Standby power is generally for emergency use; prime power supports variable loads for extended operation. |
Duty rating affects engine selection, alternator sizing, maintenance intervals, fuel planning, and warranty conditions. |
Operating schedule, annual running hours, and expected outage profile. |
| Power Rating |
Required generator rating in kW or kVA, including the desired reserve margin. |
Approximate conversion: kW = kVA × power factor. At a 0.8 power factor, 500 kVA equals approximately 400 kW. |
Using a consistent rating basis prevents the system from being undersized or unnecessarily expensive. |
Electrical load calculation and the rating definitions supplied in the quotation. |
| Starting and Transient Loads |
Motor-starting current, transformer inrush, compressor loads, and other sudden load changes. |
Across-the-line motor starting can require several times the motor’s running current; soft starters and variable-frequency drives can reduce starting demand. |
Transient performance determines whether voltage and frequency remain stable when large equipment starts. |
Motor data sheets, starting method, locked-rotor current, and load-step sequence. |
| Load Type |
Classification of loads such as motors, heating equipment, lighting, information technology, medical equipment, or UPS systems. |
Nonlinear loads may generate harmonics; sensitive electronic loads may require tighter voltage and frequency control. |
The alternator, excitation system, control system, and optional filters must match the electrical characteristics of the load. |
Single-line diagram, harmonic information, UPS specifications, and critical-load list. |
| Voltage and Frequency |
Required output voltage, phase arrangement, frequency, and connection method. |
Common systems include three-phase, 400/230 V at 50 Hz or 480/277 V at 60 Hz, depending on the local electrical system. |
Incorrect voltage or frequency can damage equipment and may make integration with the facility impossible. |
Facility electrical drawings, utility service details, and equipment voltage requirements. |
| Single-Phase or Three-Phase |
Phase configuration and the balance of loads across phases. |
Three-phase generation is commonly used for commercial and industrial loads; single-phase systems suit smaller residential or light-duty loads. |
Phase compatibility and load balance affect alternator capacity, voltage regulation, and system reliability. |
Distribution-panel schedules and the facility’s single-line diagram. |
| Fuel and Fuel Quality |
Diesel, natural gas, or another approved fuel, together with availability and storage conditions. |
Diesel is widely used for high-load and backup applications; natural gas may simplify on-site storage but depends on pipeline pressure and continuity. |
Fuel choice influences engine output, emissions equipment, runtime, logistics, noise, and installation requirements. |
Fuel analysis, gas-pressure data, tank capacity, delivery plan, and local fuel regulations. |
| Required Runtime |
How long the generator must operate between refueling or fuel-system replenishment. |
Runtime depends on fuel-tank capacity, load factor, engine efficiency, ambient temperature, and fuel type. |
The manufacturer must size the fuel system and controls for the required autonomy without creating unsafe storage conditions. |
Target runtime in hours, expected load profile, and fuel-storage limitations. |
| Automatic Transfer |
Whether the generator must start automatically when utility power fails and transfer loads without manual operation. |
An automatic transfer switch typically monitors utility power, starts the generator, transfers the load, and returns the load after stable utility power is restored. |
Control-panel compatibility and transfer logic are essential for dependable emergency operation. |
Transfer-switch rating, transition type, start-delay settings, and control-interface requirements. |
| Installation Environment |
Indoor or outdoor location, altitude, ambient temperature, humidity, dust, salt exposure, and available space. |
High altitude and high ambient temperature reduce air density and may require derating or enhanced cooling. |
Environmental conditions affect engine output, radiator capacity, enclosure design, corrosion protection, and ventilation. |
Site survey, altitude, temperature range, room dimensions, ventilation drawings, and noise limits. |
| Noise and Emissions |
Permitted sound pressure level and applicable emissions requirements. |
Noise is commonly specified in dB(A) at a stated distance; emissions requirements vary by jurisdiction, engine size, and operating application. |
The correct silencer, acoustic enclosure, exhaust system, and emissions package must be selected before installation. |
Local permits, boundary noise limits, air-quality requirements, and environmental-impact conditions. |
| Enclosure and Protection |
Open frame, weather-protective enclosure, sound-attenuated enclosure, or containerized installation. |
Outdoor installations generally require weather protection, drainage, corrosion resistance, and service access. |
Enclosure design affects cooling airflow, acoustic performance, footprint, security, and maintenance access. |
Site layout, enclosure classification, access clearances, and lifting or transport requirements. |
| Compliance and Safety |
Required electrical, mechanical, fire, fuel-storage, and occupational-safety standards. |
Applicable requirements may include local building codes, electrical codes, emergency-power rules, and recognized generator-set standards such as ISO 8528. |
A qualified manufacturer should provide compliant equipment, test records, manuals, and installation information. |
Code list, authority requirements, conformity documents, factory-test reports, and safety manuals. |
| Service and Lifecycle Support |
Availability of commissioning, spare parts, preventive maintenance, troubleshooting, and technical training. |
Routine service commonly includes oil and filter replacement, coolant checks, battery inspection, fuel-system inspection, and periodic load testing. |
Long-term support can reduce downtime and total cost of ownership, especially for critical applications. |
Service response times, maintenance schedule, parts availability, training scope, and warranty terms. |
| Factory and Site Testing |
Testing required before shipment and after installation. |
Testing may include no-load operation, load-bank testing, voltage and frequency checks, automatic-start testing, and transfer-switch operation. |
Documented testing verifies that the selected generator set meets the specified load and control requirements. |
Factory-test procedure, commissioning checklist, load-bank report, and acceptance-test criteria. |